The Catalysed Transformation of Vegetable Oils or Animal Fats to Biofuels and Bio-Lubricants: A Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
This review paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art of chemical transformation oils/fats (i.e., triacylglycerols) to use biofuels or bio-lubricants in means transport, which is a novelty. The necessary obtain products that are more usable with properties corresponding fuels synthesized from crude oil. Two types described—biodiesel (the mixture methyl esters produced by transesterification) and green diesel (paraffins hydrogenation oils). Moreover, three bio-lubricant synthesis methods described. transformation, usually catalysed, depends on: (i) type composition raw material, including alcohols for biodiesel production hydrogen diesel; (ii) catalyst case catalysed reactions; (iii) reaction conditions; (iv) final products. most important catalysts, especially heterogeneous conditions, each product comparison oil also discussed.
منابع مشابه
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Catalysts
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2073-4344']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11091118